Heating kiln



May 15, 192s. 1,669,563

' B. M. JOHNSON HEATING KILN Filed Aug. 24. 1925 NVENTORl Patented May l5, 1928o UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BOYD LI. JOHNSON, OF HETUCHEN, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE CABBOR'UNDUM GOHPANY, OF NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

HEATING KILN.

Application Med August 24, 1925. Serial No. 51,970.

The present invention relates broadly to the heating or burning of materials, and more particularly to an improved kiln structure and the method off-operating the same whereby temperature conditions within the kiln may be effectively controlled and uniform heating conditions easily maintained.P

At the present time considerable difficulty is experienced in the operation of ordinary heating kilns of the character utilized for example for burning terra-cotta, sanitary Ware or other products by direct contact of gases of combustion with the material being heated. This diiiculty arises particularly by reason of the inability to easily control the temperature conditions uniformly throu hout the kiln, and particularly from the difliculty in controlling. the character of the atmosphere in which the heating is tak- (l ing place. The present invention has for certain or its objects the provision of an imn proved kiln structure by means of which these diiiiculties are etectively obviated.

-In the accompanying drawings I have shown for purposes of illustration only one desirable embodiment of the presentinvention, it being understood that the drawings do notJ define the limits of my invention as changes in the construction and operation disclosed therein may be made without departing either from the spirit of the invention or the scope of my broader claims.

Figure 1 is a" vertical sectional view through one 4form of kiln embodying the present. invention Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view on the line lil-Il of Figure 1.

In carrying out the present invention there may be provided a heating compartment 2 of any desired dimensions and construction having side walls 3 and an enclosing roof 4.

' In spaced relation to the side walls 3, and

extending to a point adjacent the roof, and preferably provided adjacent opposite sides of the *furnace are baille walls 5. These bae walls provide chambers 6 adjacent opposite sides of the compartment 2, within which are positioned radiating combustion chambers i.

The combustion chambers, although ca pable ot being constructed of any preferred material, are preferably formed of a refractory material having extremely high heat conductivity compared to that. of u 'fire clay, as for example silicon carbide.

Each combustion chamber may comprise a lower horizontall extending pass' 8 into which may extendya burner 9 for supplying a suitable combustion ingredient such as oil or gas together with air for supporting combustion. The pass 8 is preferably long enough so as to extend throughout substantially one dimension of the chamber, and communicates at the end remote `from the burner 9 with an upper pass 10. This upper pass has a top covering 11 constructed to provide a plurality of ports 12 at spaced points throughout the length thereof.. By reason of these ports, it will be apparent that products of combustion from the combustion chamber may be supplied to the compartment 2 and distributed in a substantially uniform condition throughout substantially the entire length thereof, whereby uniform temperature conditions may be effectively maintained therein.

The combustion chamber may be operated under such conditions as to insure complete combustionwithin the lower pass 8, or it may be so operated as to obtain only partial combustion therein in which event carbon lnonoxide gas will be discharged through the openings 12 to maintain a suitable reducing atmosphere within the compartment.

In the bottom of the compartment there may be provided a plurality of ports 13 leading to a series of transversely extending flues 14 which in turn communicate through openings 15 with an off-take flue 16.

The baille walls 5 may be of any desired construction, and in some cases of diierent construction throughout different portions thereof. For example, in the ordinary operation ot the kiln the products of combustion passing downwardly in contact with the material to be heated will give up a substantial portion of their heat before the bottom of the compartment is reached. This heat loss may be effectively compensated by providing baille walls having their lower portions of greater thermal conductivity than their upper ortions, whereby radiated heat from the com ustion chambers will compensate for any such heat loss.

The advantages of the present invention arise from the provision et a heating kiln of such construction that the temperature conditions and'characteristics may be edectively and easily maintained.

lll() Further advantages arise from the provision of a furnace of such construction that heat losses sustained by products of combustion in one portion of the furnace may be effectively compensated.

1. In a furnace, a. heating compartment, a combustion chamber for said compartment, and a baille intermediate said chamber and compartment and having its lower portions of higher thermal'conductivity than its upper portion.

2. In a furnace, a heating compartment, a

combustion chamber for said compartment, and a baille intermediate said chamber and compartment, said chamber having a plurality of spaced openings for the discharge of products of combustion into said compart.- ment. 3. In a furnace, a heating compartment, a baille adapted to direct products of combustion upwardly and thence downwardly in contact with materials in said compartment, and a heatingr means so positioned relatively to said baille as to compensate by radiation for heat loss in the travel of the products of combustion in contact with such material, said heating means being constructed to discharge products of combustion into `said compartment in distributed condition.

4. In a furnace, a heating compartment, a baille adapted to direct products of combustion upwardly and thence downwardly in Contact with materials in said compartment, and a heating means so positioned relatively to said baffle as to compensate by radiation for heat loss in the travel of the products of combustion in contact with suchl material, said heating means being constructed to discharge products of combustion into said compartment in distributed condition, there being an oiltake flue for such 'gases in the base of said compartment.

5. The method of heating materials, comprising passing products of combustion in one. direction in contact with the materials, and radiating heat against the portion of the materials last to receive said products of combastion at a greater intensity than it is radiated to the portion of the materials first contacting with the gases of combustion to compensate for loss during the travel of said roducts of combustion.

6. n a heating kiln, a main chamber, .and

a furnace of the radiating combustion'type extending therealong substantially coextensive therewith, said chamber having hot gas outlet openings along its length.

7. In a heating kiln, a main chamber, a furnace of the radiating combustion type extending therealong substantially coextensive therew1th, said chamber having hot gas out# let openings along its length, gas removal passages .in the floor of the chamber through which all of the gases of combustion pass from the chamber to a stack flue.

8. In a heating kiln, a main chamber, a baille extending along one side of the chamber and spaced outwardly from the Wall thereof, the height of the baille being less than the height of the chamber, a furnace of the radiating combustion type vdisposed between the baille and that Wall f the chamber adjacentV the baille, said furnace .having openings along its top through which hot gases of combustion may escupe intovthe main chamber over the top of the baille.

9. In a heating kiln, a main chamber, a

baille extending along one side of the cham-x ber and spaced outwardly from the wall thereof,rthe height of the baille being less than the height of the chamber, a furnace of the radiating combustion type disposed between the baille and that wall of the chamber adjacent the baille, said furnace having openings along its top through which hot gases of combustion may. escape into the main chamber over the top of the baille, vsaid main chamber having as removal passages distributed along the oor thereof through Which gases of combustion may be Withdrawn from the chamber.

i0. In a heating kiln, a material receiving compartment, radiating furnaces adjacent the opposite sides of said compartment, said furnaces having openings for the discharge of productsv of combustion into said compartment, and gas removal ports in the iloor of said compartments.

1l. In a heating kiln, a material receiving compartment, and radiating furnaces adjacent the opposite sides of said compartment,

'said furnaces having longitudinally spaced openings -for the discharge of products of combustion into said compartment, said compartments having a gas removal passage tending therealong with ports in the floor thereof communicating with said passage..

In testimony whereof I have hereunto Set my hand.

Boro M. JOHNSON.

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